http://www.jaa.nl/publications/jars/607069.pdfJAR–FCL 1 Subpart C Appendix 1 to JAR–FCL 1.125 (continued)
TRAINING AEROPLANES
5 An adequate fleet of training aeroplane(s) appropriate to the courses of training, equipped and
maintained to the relevant JAR standards shall be provided. Training conducted on aeroplanes having a
certificate of airworthiness issued or accepted by a JAA Member State will enable an applicant to obtain a
single-engine piston class rating for licence issue. Training conducted on a touring motor glider
certificated to JAR–22 will enable an applicant to obtain a touring motor glider class rating for licence
issue. Each aeroplane shall be fitted with duplicated primary flight controls for use by the instructor and
the student: swing-over flight controls shall not be acceptable. The fleet should include, as appropriate to
the courses of training, aeroplane(s) suitable for demonstrating stalling and spin avoidance and
aeroplane(s) suitably equipped to simulate instrument meteorological conditions.
Aeroplanes used for training shall be approved by the Authority for training purposes.
Это требования JAR-FCL к учебным самолетам.
Далее - практический тест на PPL(A)
SKILL TEST
6 An applicant for a skill test for the PPL(A) shall have received instruction on the same class/type of
aeroplane to be used for the skill test. The applicant shall be permitted to choose to take the test on a
single-engine aeroplane or, subject to the experience requirement in JAR–FCL 1.255 or 1.260 of 70 hours
flight time as pilot-in-command, on a multi-engine aeroplane. The aeroplane used for the skill test shall
meet the requirements for training aeroplanes (see Appendix 1 to JAR–FCL 1.125).
А теперь ограничения для разных категорий самолетов по нормам летной годности EASA:
CS-VLA:
http://www.easa.eu.int/doc/Agency_Mesures/Certification_Spec/decision_ED_2003_18_RM.pdfCS-VLA 1 Applicability
This airworthiness code is applicable to
aeroplanes with a single engine (spark- or
compression-ignition) having not more than two
seats, with a Maximum Certificated Take-off
Weight of not more than 750 kg and a stalling
speed in the landing configuration of not more
than 83 km/h (45 knots)(CAS), to be approved
for day-VFR only. (See AMC VLA 1).
CS-VLA 3 Aeroplane categories
This CS-VLA applies to aeroplanes intended
for non-aerobatic operation only. Non-aerobatic
operation includes -
(a) Any manoeuvre incident to normal
flying;
(b) Stalls (except whip stalls); and
(c) Lazy eights, chandelles, and steep turns,
in which the angle of bank is not more than 60°.
CS-23:
http://easa.europa.eu/ws_prod/g/doc/Agency_Mesures/Certification_Spec/decision_ED_2003_14_RM.pdfCS 23.1 Applicability
(a) This airworthiness code is applicable to –
(1) Aeroplanes in the normal, utility and
aerobatic categories that have a seating
configuration, excluding the pilot seat(s), of nine
or fewer and a maximum certificated take-off
weight of 5670 kg (12 500 lb) or less;
CS 23.3 Aeroplane categories
(a) The normal category is limited to nonaerobatic
operations. Non-aerobatic operations
include –
(1) Any manoeuvre incident to normal
flying;
(2) Stalls (except whip stalls); and
(3) Lazy eights, chandelles and steep turns
or similar manoeuvres, in which the angle of bank
is not more than 60°.
(b) The utility category is limited to any of the
operations covered under sub-paragraph (a); plus –
(1) Spins (if approved for the particular
type of aeroplane); and
(2) Lazy eights, chandelles, and steep
turns, or similar manoeuvres in which the angle of
bank is more than 60° but not more than 90°.
Нормы CS-23 есть минимальный сертификационный базис, распространяющийся на самолеты, предназначенные как для полетов по VFR так и IFR
Так обстоят дела там, где действуют эти нормы.
